Elon Musk cofounded seven companies, including electric car maker Tesla, rocket producer SpaceX and artificial intelligence startup xAI.
He owns about 12% of Tesla excluding options, but has pledged more than half his shares as collateral for personal loans of up to $3.5 billion.
In early 2024, a Delaware judge voided Musk’s 2018 deal to receive options equaling an additional 9% of Tesla. Forbes has discounted the options by 50% pending Musk’s appeal.
SpaceX, founded in 2002, is worth $350 billion based on a private share sale during December 2024. Musk owns an estimated 42% stake.
Musk bought Twitter in a $44 billion (enterprise value) deal during 2022. Forbes estimates that the social media company, which he renamed X, is worth nearly 70% less as of August 2024.
Musk owns an estimated 54% of xAI, which he founded in 2023. Private investors valued the company at a reported $50 billion in November 2024.